Abstract - Assessing the development of virtues in preschool children through physical activity based on judo philosophy: a structured observation
Problem. Assessing the development of virtues in early childhood education remains a methodological challenge. Reliable tools are required to evaluate how physical activity programs, especially those based on judo philosophy, foster moral growth in preschool children.
Method. The Virtue Assessment Observation Scale (VAOS) was developed and applied as a structured observation instrument. VAOS includes 11 criteria and 26 indicators, each with three levels of manifestation, focusing on four virtues: friendship, respect, honesty, and participation. The instrument was administered to two groups of preschool children aged 5–6 years (N = 24) who participated in physical activities based on judo philosophy with different frequencies: (1) twice-weekly classes and (2) once-weekly classes. Observations were conducted over an eight-week period, and non-parametric statistical methods were applied.
Results. Children attending classes twice per week more frequently demonstrated virtuous behavior, particularly in friendship and respect. The scale effectively identified differences between groups.
Conclusions. VAOS is a reliable and practical tool for teachers and coaches. It provides a systematic approach to integrating and assessing virtue education within preschool physical education programs.